	Dec'15	Dec'16	Dec'17	Dec'18	Dec'19	Dec'20	Dec'21	Dec'22	Dec'23	Dec'24
Revenue % growth	2,154.2 0.0%	3,266.5 51.6%	4,618.7 41.4%	6,209.6 34.4%	7,571.8 21.9%	8,996.4 18.8%	11,434.9 27.1%	12,358.0 8.1%	14,325.0 15.9%	16,955.2 18.4%
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)	1,903.2	2,822.8	3,659.9	4,612.0	5,644.1	6,696.0	8,370.4	9,274.5	10,651.5	11,844.7
Gross Profit % margin	250.9 11.6%	443.7 13.6%	958.7 20.8%	1,597.6 25.7%	1,927.6 25.5%	2,300.5 25.6%	3,064.5 26.8%	3,083.4 25.0%	3,673.4 25.6%	5,110.5 30.1%
Operating Expenses	511.9	829.9	1,385.6	1,648.3	2,009.4	2,635.0	2,953.4	3,777.9	4,155.7	3,633.8
Research & Development Expenses (R&D)	151.0	229.1	447.2	582.1	688.4	955.6	1,078.7	1,461.6	1,865.4	1,607.6
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses (SG&A)	360.9	600.9	938.4	1,066.2	1,320.9	1,679.4	1,874.7	2,316.3	2,290.4	2,026.2
Operating Income % margin	(260.9) (12.1%)	(386.2) (11.8%)	(426.9) (9.2%)	(50.8) (0.8%)	226.1 3.0%	(334.5) (3.7%)	402.1 3.5%	(694.5) (5.6%)	(482.3) (3.4%)	1,476.7 8.7%
Interest Income	2.2	5.5	21.5	537.2	307.8	107.3	291.0	49.5	141.7	241.2
Interest Expense	1.1	5.5	4.5	689.6	372.8	582.3	107.6	61.1	41.1	38.9
Pre-tax Income	(249.8)	(592.0)	(1,392.4)	(204.3)	(146.6)	(809.5)	294.5	(389.9)	(546.1)	1,450.7
Income Tax % effective tax rate	5.6 (2.2%)	4.4 (0.7%)	2.3 (0.2%)	(112.2) 54.9%	61.6 (42.0%)	(146.1) 18.1%	334.7 113.7%	63.2 (16.2%)	29.2 (5.3%)	219.6 15.1%
Net Income % margin	(255.4) (11.9%)	(596.4) (18.3%)	(1,394.6) (30.2%)	(92.1) (1.5%)	(208.2) (2.7%)	(663.3) (7.4%)	(40.2) (0.4%)	(453.1) (3.7%)	(575.3) (4.0%)	1,231.1 7.3%
EPS	(1.52)	(3.55)	(7.83)	(0.52)	(1.15)	(3.54)	(0.21)	(2.35)	(2.95)	5.95
Diluted EPS	(1.52)	(3.55)	(7.83)	(0.51)	(1.15)	(3.54)	(0.21)	(2.32)	(2.95)	5.94
EBITDA % margin	(225.4) (10.5%)	(544.4) (16.7%)	(932.8) (20.2%)	(50.8) (0.8%)	(1.1) (0.0%)	(334.5) (3.7%)	552.3 4.8%	(299.3) (2.4%)	(322.2) (2.2%)	1,620.5 9.6%

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FAQ

1) What is Spotify Technology S.A.'s Selling, General & Administrative Expenses (SG&A)?

As of today, Spotify Technology S.A.'s last 12-month Selling, General & Administrative Expenses (SG&A) is $2,026.2M, based on the financial report for Dec 31, 2024 (Q4’2024).

2) What is Spotify Technology S.A.'s Selling, General & Administrative Expenses (SG&A) growth rate?

Over the last year, Spotify Technology S.A.'s Selling, General & Administrative Expenses (SG&A) growth was (11.6%). The average annual Selling, General & Administrative Expenses (SG&A) growth rates for Spotify Technology S.A. have been 4.3% over the past three years, 8.9% over the past five years.

3) Is Spotify Technology S.A.'s Selling, General & Administrative Expenses (SG&A) growth rate Good?

Over the last year, Spotify Technology S.A.'s Selling, General & Administrative Expenses (SG&A) growth was (11.6%), which is lower than industry growth of 0.0%. It indicates that Spotify Technology S.A.'s Selling, General & Administrative Expenses (SG&A) growth is Good.

4) How does Spotify Technology S.A.'s Selling, General & Administrative Expenses (SG&A) growth rate compare to its peers?

Over the last year, Spotify Technology S.A.'s Selling, General & Administrative Expenses (SG&A) growth was (11.6%), which is lower than peer median growth of (0.4%). The list of peers includes GOOG, META, DASH, BIDU, SNAP, PINS, Z, TWLO, RDDT, TME etc.